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#DRAFT 2 Technical Report

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Introduction 1.1 Background Land Transport Authority (LTA), released a yearly vehicle statistic in 2018 regarding the motor vehicle population in Singapore along with the types of fuel used by the vehicles as shown in Figure 1. The statistics showed clearly that over the past 10 years, there is only a slight increase in the electric vehicles(EVs) population while petroleum, diesel and petrol-electric operated cars increased largely. With the growing amount of fuel consuming vehicles, the consumption of oil in Singapore has also increased greatly over the past 10 years. According to Census and Economic Information Center(CEIC) data, it was reported that Singapore’s Oil consumption was 1,448.792 Barrel/Day in December 2018 which is 2.1 percent more than that in Dec 2017 as shown in Figure 2. Singapore’s Oil Consumption data was updated annually, with an average of 457.718 Barrel/Day from Dec 1965 to 2018. This means that a vehicle is consuming at least 166,805 Barrels/Year. Howev

#DRAFT1 Technical Report "Introduction"

Introduction 1.1 Background Land Transport Authority (LTA) released a yearly vehicle statistic in 2018 regarding the motor vehicle population in Singapore along with the types of fuel used by the vehicles as shown in Figure 1. The statistics showed clearly that over the past 10 years, there is only a slight increase in the electric vehicles(EVs) population while petroleum, diesel and petrol-electric operated cars increased largely. With the growing amount of fuel consuming vehicles, the consumption of oil in Singapore has also increased greatly over the past 10 years. According to Census and Economic Information Center(CEIC) data (2019), Singapore’s oil consumption was 1,448.792 barrel/day in December 2018 which is 2.1 percent more than that in Dec 2017 as shown in Figure 2. Singapore’s oil Consumption data was updated annually, with an average of 457.718 barrel/day from Dec 1965 to 2018. This means that a vehicle are consuming at least 166,805 Barrel/Year. However, vehicles i

Draft #3 Summary_Reader Response: Singapore revs up engines for autonomous vehicles race

In this article “Singapore revs up engines for autonomous vehicles race” Noble (2019) stated that a temporary national standard called “Technical Reference 68(TR 68)” plays an important role in developing autonomous vehicles (AVs), which advocates the safety of fully deplorable AVs. Noble also mention that TR68 was implemented to deal with "four key areas of AV deployment including vehicle behaviour, vehicle functional safety, cybersecurity, and data formats". Noble then wrote about a statement made by Loh Ngai Seng, chairman of the Committee on Autonomous Road Transport for Singapore (CARTS) “in the early 2020s, we hope that TR 68 will guide AV industry players in the safe and effective deployment of AVs in Singapore”. According to Noble a report by Fitch Ratings found that implementation of TR68, would improve Singapore's establishment and acceptance of AVs. The implementation of TR 68 would also entice overseas “autonomous technology” organization to Singapore. The au